Chapter 02Technology & Internet

What is two-factor authentication?

A second proof of identity beyond your password — usually a code from an authenticator app or a hardware key. It blocks the vast majority of account takeovers even if your password leaks.

Follow-up questions

SMS or authenticator app?

App (Authy, 1Password, Google Authenticator). SMS can be intercepted via SIM-swap attacks.

What is a passkey?

A password replacement stored on your device, unlocked by biometrics. Phishing-proof and syncs across your Apple/Google/Microsoft account.

What if I lose my phone?

Save backup codes when you enable 2FA, or use an app that syncs to the cloud. Otherwise recovery can take days.

Do I need a YubiKey?

Only if you're high-value (crypto holder, journalist, admin). For most people, an authenticator app is enough.

Is SMS 2FA safe enough?

Better than nothing, but vulnerable to SIM-swap attacks. An authenticator app or hardware key is stronger.

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